Putting the axonal periodic scaffold in order

Neurons rely on a unique organization of their cytoskeleton to build, maintain and transform extraordinarily intricate shapes. After decades research the neuronal cytoskeleton, it is exciting that novel assemblies are still discovered thanks progress in cellular imaging methods. Indeed, super-resolution microscopy has revealed axons lined with periodic scaffold actin rings, spaced every 190 nm by spectrins. Determining architecture, composition, dynamics, functions this membrane-associated current conceptual technical challenge, as well very active area research. This short review aims at summarizing latest axonal scaffold, highlighting recent open questions.